Sunday, November 24, 2019

10 Ways to Turn Writing a Paper into a Drinking Game

10 Ways to Turn Writing a Paper into a Drinking Game College students have long suspected that universities and individual professors must buy stock in paper companies. For some, its the only explanation as to why college seems to be just one paper assignment after another. Conspiracy theories aside, writing papers can be tough. But when the grind wears you down, injecting a bit of fun can help get you over the hump. When it comes to paper writing, its time to turn to the same tactics employed by such literary luminaries as Ernest Hemingway, Raymond Chandler, Tennessee Williams and Hunter S. Thompson: Booze. However, college students cant just kick back with a snifter of brandy and mull over their literary choices. Thats way too pedestrian. Of course, the answer is to turn it into a drinking game. After all, its practically a college tradition. Before you begin, be sure to save a copy of your paper in a completely separate file, preferably on a flash drive. Better safe than sorry. Inspiration may strike during your game, but its always good to have a back up. You dont want to have to reconstruct full pages that fell apart because you got off on a tangent about the therapeutic properties of cat videos. Once you have a backup file saved, pick your poison. You can pick a selection of brews and assign each rule a specific brand or type or you can just pick one and stick with it the whole way through. Chances are it wont matter what you drink – the end result will be the same. For extra fun later, turn on Track Changes in your Formatting menu so you can follow along the next morning and see how your editorial decisions changed as the night wore on. Rules of The Paper Writing Drinking Game Every time you run into a 404 tracking down a source, take a drink. If you were tracking it down from Wikipedia, take two drinks. Each time you write yourself into a corner, take a drink. Every time you catch yourself writing in circles, take two. Take a drink for each syllable in any words you have to pronounce out loud in order to spell correctly as you type. If a page has more footnotes than actual text, take two drinks and toast Flann OBrien. Each time you stretch out a single paragraph idea into two or more, take a drink and pat yourself on the back. Take a drink and give yourself a slap for every time you catch yourself on Candy Crush Saga, Farmville or any other pointless FaceBook game. Have another drink each time to catch yourself randomly scrolling down a page and realize you completely forgot what you were looking for. Any time you find yourself in need of a friend with a subscription to JSTOR or LexisNexis, take a drink and hit up any journalism majors who happen to be online. Take another drink every time you catch yourself calculating how many words per minute youll have to write in order to get the paper done tonight. Every time you ask yourself how much bigger you can make the font or contemplating formatting changes to make your paper appear longer, take two drinks. Bonus Shots Any time you re-write a sentence more than 12 times For every set of Block Quotes you use to bulk out a few pages. Every time you say out loud Okay, down to work now. Each time you search around for single words you can stretch into more (i.e. changing it to the field of robotic psychiatry) Every FaceBook status update or Tweet about the progress youve made on your paper. Chances are youll end up with a screen filled with plenty of red squiggly lines and a few good ideas. If you managed to actually finish the paper – or this version of it anyway – during the game, that earns you a bonus round of whatever quality alcohol you have stashed away. Dont forget to save the fruit of your labor before drinking some water and passing out face first on the keyboard. But the fun isnt over yet! In the morning youll be eligible to play the super fun Bonus Morning After Game! Brew a pot of coffee, wipe off the keyboard and open the file from the night before. Re-read what you wrote and edited the night before. Every time something makes you laugh out loud, take a sip of coffee. Take two every time you read something that makes you wince. Finally, take a big gulp for any sections so inspired you leave them nearly intact in the final version of the paper. Heres also a guide on How to Cure Hangover for those who drank too much yesterday. Did you ever write drunk? Tell us your own story in comments!

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Marketing Red pull Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Marketing Red pull - Assignment Example The study has selected UK as target international destination for Red Bull in order to develop marketing plan. In order to develop three-year marketing plan for Red Bull, the study will focus on three key issues. Issue 1- analyze the macro and micro environmental dynamics pertinent to UK and conduct environmental appraisal for Red Bull. Issue 2- on the basis of environmental appraisal; identify two new target segments appropriate to Red Bull in the U.K. market. As part of new target market selection, customer profiling, age group, characteristics of target group and positioning of the brand ‘Red Bull’ will also be discussed. Issue 3- on the basis of new target market selection; develop differentiated marketing mix for each target market identified. In the report, marketing objectives and control mechanism for individual marketing mix projected for particular target group will also be discussed. Red Bull is regarded as most popular energy drink across different countries in the world (Farris, 2010). Although, the Red Bull products were developed by TC Pharmaceutical during early 1980’s but Dietrich Mateschitz rejuvenated the product and established the brand as ‘Red Bull Energy Drink’ in Austria during 1981 (Red Bull, 2014a). From the initial years, market position of Red Bull Energy Drink was strengthened through unique positioning, integrating research and development (R&D) activities with product innovation and customization of marketing activities (Farris, 2010). In the last 26 years, the company has established its distribution channel in more than 55 countries. As of 2012, Red Bull sells more than 5 billion cans annually (Red Bull, 2014b). During 1980s, Red Bull was sold as medicine containing caffeine that can boost energy level upon consumption but the company has successfully repositioned the brand through streamlining

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Movie Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Movie Critique - Essay Example Through the relationship between these two men, the viewer is able to see many psychological factors at work which help to make this work environment so unbearable. It is also possible to see that Bill Lumbergh’s style of leadership is responsible for the majority of these problems and, therefore, he should be blamed for the eventual destruction of the company. A force that allows for employers to have a psychological advantage over their employees is job security. There have been massive layoffs lately and those who were lucky enough to keep their jobs must work hard to ensure that they are just as lucky when the next cuts are made. This gives the employers all of the power, as they can work the employees harder, without any backlash because there are so few jobs in many sectors. The employers know that if an employee does not perform up to expectations, then someone else will be readily available to take his or her place. The employees also know this so they must work hard to keep their jobs. In Office Space, Lumbergh utilizes this as a method of employee motivation, as many of the characters are terrified of losing their jobs. He also uses this threat to get certain members of the company to work on weekends, as they must do so in order to keep their jobs. This movie shows a negative form of employee motivation, as employees do not resp ond will to threats like this, as can be seen in this film. A manner of employee motivation that would work better would be incentives for working overtime and working harder than everyone else. If Lumbergh would offer employees like Peter bonuses for doing extra work, he would be able to get more out of them on a regular basis and would keep them more motivated. Happy workers are much easier to deal with and Lumbergh does not do an adequate job of keeping his employees happy. Longer hours and averted overtime pay would completely ruin employee moral and

Monday, November 18, 2019

Identity Theft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Identity Theft - Essay Example The main focus is on the theft of identity using computer. The next section aims at explaining what Identity theft means furthering which the problems are touched upon. The loss and misuse of personal identification information is called Identity theft. Personal identification information like a social security number, name, place of birth, mother’s maiden name, phone number, etc. act as the only information that identify an individual. This information is used for different purposes like opening a bank account, stealing money, pension payouts or to gain any other benefits. The loss of any of the information can help the id thieves to use this and create a new id for themselves. The thieves become the accused and the person whose id is stolen becomes the victim. A victim can face major consequences with the loss of identity. The misuse of identity of an individual can lead the individual to suffer from bad credits, incorrect criminal acquisitions (Consumer Report, 2008). With the constant improvements in technology, there has also been an increase in the mis-utilisation of the available technology to steal people’s identities or other types of frauds. One of the biggest issues has been that of the influence of Internet over the increase of the frauds. With the increased usage of the Internet, it has been noted that there have been an increase fraudulent activities over the Internet as well. There is a lot of information that flows around the Internet at any given point in time, with the increased usage of the Internet for different facilities like payments of bills, online bookings, e- shopping, etc (Chad, 2004). All these activities involve a lot of personal information floating all over the Internet. The Internet identity theft differs from the normal form of identity theft in a number of ways. In this form of theft the victim will not be

Friday, November 15, 2019

How Do Cultural Differences Affect International Marketing Marketing Essay

How Do Cultural Differences Affect International Marketing Marketing Essay Markets are becoming increasingly internationalised and, for businesses to achieve sustainable growth in such markets, it is critical that they gain an understanding of the complex and diverse nature of international markets and of associated international marketing strategy (Doole and Lowe, 2008, pp. 5-6). International marketing strategy involves marketing mix decisions being made across both national and cultural borders. The coordination and management of effective and efficient marketing mix strategies globally for a multi-national organisation is fundamental to its business success (Wall et al., 2009, pp. 338-349). The term globalisation is first believed to have been used in a paper published by the late Theodore Levitt in the Harvard Business Review (1983). Since that time, the term globalisation has evolved to embrace more than just its original economic dimension. This has happened despite the fact that most academics and theorists are not able to agree on a common definition for globalisation (Healy, 2001). This dilemma was summed up by the sociologist, Anthony Giddens (1996), when he said thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ There are few terms that we use so frequently but which are in fact as poorly conceptualized as globalization. However, in spite of this lack of agreement on a definition, there is general agreement that the globalisation of world markets has been a major factor in the internationalisation of business (Wood and Robertson, 2000). The internationalisation of business has also been largely responsible for the so called homogenisation of consumer products and services worldwide, a phenome non sometimes know as the McDonaldization effect (Ritzer 2004, pp. 2-3). However, the counter argument to this position on globalisation is that there are very few brands that can truly be said to be global with most of the examples, such as McDonalds itself, Coca-Cola, and Nike, being based in the USA (de Mooij, 2010, pp. 31-32). Despite the relentless onward march of globalisation, the creation and implementation of a successful marketing communications strategy in a developing country, such as India, requires a significantly different approach to that required in a developed country, such as the United Kingdom. For example, language is a significant issue in the execution of marketing communications. The UK is more ethnically and culturally diverse than it was previously, but its first language remains as English. In India, however, there are a large number of ethnic groups and more than twenty official languages (Usunier and Lee, 2009, p. 7). Whilst originally a British colony, independent India has evolved its own political and legal systems which now have significant differences when compared to those in the UK. Any misreading of the political and legal environment in a particular country, by a multinational brand, can cause significant problems in marketing communications terms. In India, for example, t he UK based chocolate manufacturer, Cadbury, created intense anger amongst the population at large in 2002 when it completely underestimated sensitivity by politicians and the public at large to the enduring dispute between India and Pakistan over the territory of Kashmir. Cadbury promoted in together with the tagline Im good. Im tempting. Im too good to share. What am I? Cadburys Temptations or Kashmir? Cadbury compounded its insensitivity by launching the campaign on Indian Independence Day when nationalist feelings were running particularly high (Doole and Lowe, 2008, p. 17; Dodd, 2002). In addition, consumer attitudes and behaviour towards brands and products can be influenced by other factors such as the social environment. For example, marketers of innovative products, such as personal computers and other electronic gadgets, need to be aware that there are fewer so called early adopters in developing countries than there are in developed countries (de Mooij, 2005, p. 129). According to theory of the Diffusion of Innovations, early adopters are more likely to purchase a new and technically innovative product than are other consumer types (Rogers 1995, pp. 252-280). Consequently, in marketing communications terms, brand owners of such products will need to focus on the tried and tested nature of their technology rather than innovation when communicating their products to consumers in developing countries. Whilst issues such as legal and political systems and social environments are not necessarily directly related to culture, is perhaps culture itself that is the biggest single, differentiator in terms of global consumer behaviour (Blackwell et al, 2001, pp. 313-354). Culture should be regarded as a process rather than a distinctive dimension of consumer behaviour. At an individual level, culture comprises a number of different elements that all work together coherently including values, beliefs and knowledge. At a group level culture consists of the arts, morals, protocols, and legal systems present in any particular country or region. However, culture is principally characterised by language, institutions, and material and symbolic productions (Usunier and Lee, 2005, p. 4). The popular view is that that the worlds trade, financial systems technology, and media, are becoming increasingly globalised, a process frequently referred to as globalisation (Usunier and Lee, 2005, p. 66). Som e theorists such as Kenichi Ohmae go even further suggesting that the world will be a nationless state marked by the convergence of customer needs that transcends political and cultural boundaries (Pieterse, 2009, pp.10-11). Conversely, however, many academics believe that consumer behaviour will never become truly globalised as cultural influences refuse to follow the globalisation path remaining, as they do obstinately regionalised and, in some cases, localised (de Mooij, 2010, p. 2). According to Hall and Hall (1990, p. 6) there are two distinctive types of culture namely Low Context and High Context. The culture in the UK is regarded as Low Context/ Individualistic, and in India as High Context/ Collectivistic. Cultural attributes, such as communication and language, which are critical dimensions of marketing communications, demonstrate considerable variance between the two types of culture. In the Low Context/ Individualistic cultures, such as that in the UK, communication tends to be explicit and direct whereas in Low Context /Individualistic culture, such as that in India, it is usually implicit and indirect see Appendix I. It is important that these language and communication differences, brought about by differing cultures, are reflected in the language and communication styles that are deployed in the marketing communications activities targeted at particular markets. Power distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful accept and expect that power is distributed unequally (Hofstede, 2001, p. xix). The Power Distance Index (PDI) is a tool used for the measurement of the degree of equality, or inequality that exits amongst the population in any particular country. A country with high PDI score would indicate that it high levels if of inequalities in its society whereas of power and wealth whereas a low PDI score would be an indicator of more social equality (Hofstede, 2001, p. 50). The PDI for India is 77 whilst that of the UK is 35 (Hofstede, 2003, p. 87). This would indicate that there is more inequality in India than there is in the UK. This finding is substantiated by the fact that India has a very hierarchical society based on social status by birth whereas the UK has a non hierarchical culture with status based on wealth and income, (Hollensen, 2011, pp. 237-244). In addition, gender plays an important role in consumer behaviour in developed and developing countries. In India paternal authority means that marketing communications for many product areas has to be targeted at males who are also the head of their household whereas in societies where there is equality of the sexes, such as in the UK, marketing can effectively be targeted at either sex depending on the nature of the product and its positioning (Usunier and Lee, 2009, p. 71). Furthermore, the central role of the family in Indian culture means has had implications for global brands such as McDonalds which, although using standardised store formats worldwide has positioned and promoted its outlets as family restaurants whereas in the UK, and other developed countries, it has positioned itself as fast food restaurant and a venue for childrens parties (de Mooij, 2010. p. 15). The need to consider whether or not a marketing communications strategy for a brand that is effective in a developed country, such as the UK, should be adapted for a developing country, such as India, is fundamental to that brands international success (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010, p. 259). There are two high-level, strategic options that such multi-national brands can adopt. Firstly, such a brand can think and act globally by deciding to use the same marketing communications strategies across all of its international markets or, secondly, it can think globally but act locally by developing and customising strategies to meet the needs of consumers in particular local markets across the world (de Mooij, 2010, p.2). Organisations with a standardised approach to marketing communications are striving for their customers to perceive a consistent brand image in all of their operational markets (Hafez and Ling, 2005). However, despite this approach many brands may still find that their consu mer perception varies in different cultures (de Mooij, 2010, p. 37). For example, global consumers of Coca-Cola in different cultural markets worldwide will undoubtedly be aware of the Americaness of the brand however, they will still evaluate the global brand values of the drink based on their own particular cultural knowledge, values, and beliefs (de Mooij, 2010, pp. 31-32). A major benefit of a standardised marketing communications strategy is that the associated costs will usually be lower the activities will be easier to manage and control than would be the case with adapted strategies. In addition, if marketing communications strategies have to be adapted for particular markets then there is potential for the strength of the brand to be diluted (Hafez and Ling, 2005). Truly global brands, such as Coca-Cola, are largely able to standardise their marketing communications activities globally because of the worldwide recognition that the brand enjoys. The Coca-Cola brand communicates certain values, such as fun and happiness, that are able to appeal to global consumers regardless of their country of origin or local culture. This can be clearly demonstrated in the brands global advertising campaign the Happiness Factory, which was launched in 2009 see Appendix II. However, even Coca-Cola can not always justify the total standardisation of its marketing c ommunications and has, historically, had to produce adapted television commercials for some countries, including the UK, such as in the UK. However, Coca-Cola has since reiterated its desire to produce only globalised marketing communications campaigns (Eleftheriou-Smith, 2011). However, there are very few truly global brands that have the power of Coca-Cola and, consequently, most brands will have to adapt their marketing communications strategy to take account of local markets. According to Vignola (2001), brand names and the attributes and characteristics of products are the easiest elements of the marketing mix to standardise in global markets. By definition, therefore, marketing communication is more difficult to standardise. This view is supported by Hafez and Ling (2005) who suggest that a premise of basic marketing practice is that organisations operating globally have to determine how best to adapt their marketing communications strategies to the local markets in which they sell their products or services. Unlike with a standardised approach, brands that use an adapted approach to marketing communications consciously permit their consumers to perceive differing brand images according to their culture. This enables the brand to establish higher levels of brand equity in individual market s than would be possible with a standardised approach (Hafez and Ling, 2005). The culture of consumers in developing countries tends to include higher levels of risk aversion that does the culture of consumers in developed countries (Hollensen, 2011, p. 237-244). In terms of adapting marketing communications activity for a global brand, then research has shown the strategies that are especially effective are those that reassure consumers in developing markets, such as India, that the brand they are choosing is free of risk (Erdem et al, 2006). It can be seen that there are a number of differences that exist between developed and developing countries in relation to the creation and implementation of marketing strategies. These differences are particularly significant in marketing communications terms and are largely, although not exclusively, related to culture. These differences are at odds with the basic and inherent desire on the part of many multi-national brands to standardise their marketing communications for both cost and ease of control reasons. However, it has been shown that this approach is not necessarily always appropriate as local cultures can be stubborn in their resistance to receiving standardised messages about brands and products. Consequently, a strong case can usually be made in favour of locally adapted marketing communications strategies, rather than those that are standardised globally, for most brands and products. It is really only those true global brands, such as Coca-Cola for example, that enjo y a consistent and powerful image, together with high levels of brand equity, across cultures that can be fully justified in adopting a globally standardised approach to marketing communications. In conclusion, therefore, the global and local dimensions of marketing communications should always be reflective of a brands recognition, power, and acquired equity in each individual, operational marketplace and its likelihood of generating different cultural responses at a regional or local level.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Relationships and Marriage - Couples Should Live Together before Marriage :: Free Argumentative Essays

Couples Should Live Together before Marriage I've heard on numerous occasions that one of every two marriages ends in divorce. Although I believe this estimate to be high, there is no question that divorce has become a common occurrence in today's society. I think the biggest cause of divorce is people getting married too soon. Couples should live together before they marry. People become enveloped in a sort of euphoric haze when a relationship first begins to take a serious turn. The object of your affection seems to be perfect in every way and can do no wrong. You want to spend all your time with this person; often neglecting anything you enjoyed pre-relationship. In effect, you lose your individual identities and become Siamese twins (thus the term, "joined-at-the-hip"). Thankfully, this stage in a relationship is only temporary. However, many couples mistake this hormonal surge as the sign that this is the one-and-only person they could spend the rest of their lives with. When the haze dissipates, only the strong relationships survive. If each couple contemplating marriage during this phase were to move in together first, the perspective the couple would gain on their relationship would prove whether [or not] their feelings were deeper than pure physical attraction or lust. It may sound clichà ©d, but you truly do not know someone until you live with that person. When a couple lives together, the comfort level between the two gradually increases until nothing is sacred. Little quirks that a person tries so desperately to keep hidden eventually come out into the open. Sometimes these quirks are too much for a person to live with; other times it is a combination of many that push them over the edge. Maybe you could deal with dirty clothes on the floor, but how about a total disregard for all household cleanliness? Living together before marriage clears the air and reduces the possibility for major surprises that could lead to marital strife. Sex is another issue that tends to cause problems in marriages. Of course people can have sex and not live together, but the sharing of a bed each and every night certainly facilitates the activity. At the risk of sounding promiscuous, one should "test the waters before jumping in." Sexual compatibility is extremely important in the satisfaction and happiness of a marriage. Sometimes compromises can be made on behalf of each individual, but it would be better to know if a person was incapable of satisfying you sexually before nuptials.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Bassett and Howley

It nas been proposed initially by ( ) that the individuals with more training experience have additional cardiac output, and such individuals are able to operate with even less oxygen saturation. It is also argued that, in elite athletes, decreased transportation time of the RBCs in the pulmonary vessels causes oxygen desaturation in the arteries due to increased cardiac output.Moreover, increase in flow rate occurs due to increase in volume of blood flow in the vessels or capillaries having constant diameter (Pelliccia et al. , 2002). If flow rate is so fast, then ed blood cells will surpass oxygen hurriedly to the haemoglobin, which will result in less saturation of haemoglobin resulting in reduced oxygen in exercising muscle, causing muscle fatigue (Warpeha, 2003). This theory indicates that maximum oxygen consumption is, to an extent, limited by pulmonary factors during exercise. While other authors indicate that factors such as arterial oxygenation are impossible to affect V02 m ax (Vogiatzis et al. , 2008). Moreover, Christensen (1931) argued that decline in sub maximal heart rate, without affecting cardiac output, can occur during aerobic exercise.He concluded that maintaining cardiac output is possible by increasing stroke volume when heart rate is decreased, as cardiac output is the result of heart rate into stroke volume. However, this relationship varies when exercise reaches maximum level. It was evaluated that training time and levels did not affect maximum heart rate, and only an augmented stroke volume caused improvement in performance when exercise reached its maximum levels. Hence, stroke volume was able to maintain appropriate cardiac output, as average heart rate remained the same for both trained and untrained individuals at maximal exercise Christensen, 1931; Saltin and Calbert, 2006).

Friday, November 8, 2019

Poems About Australian Identity Essay Example

Poems About Australian Identity Essay Example Poems About Australian Identity Essay Poems About Australian Identity Essay AUSTRALIAS DAY: 1942 In Memoriam W. J. Miles IF EVER it were time for the dead to ride then surely that time is now: From the Leeuwin’s cliffs to the roar of Sydney-side, from Wyndham to the Howe call up your ghosts, Australia, call up your many dead; your Kelly and your Lalor and the shirted men they led; call up your brave, your Stuart, your Wentworth, your Benelong, your men who dared Hashemy with its bitter slavish wrong. Call up your quietened singers from the silence of the grave, who sang your latent spirit to the complaining wave. Call up your myths and your legends, your men of song and tale, men from the Snowy, the Centre, and lakes where Bunyips wail, your seekers, your finders, your fighters, your men who with Clancy ride, Lawson’s men from the western creeks, and a thousand more beside. Call up your ghosts, Australia, and set them riding far to rouse a sleeping nation to its seven-pointed star. Call up your dead, Australians, and bid them ride with you to set your rivers brimming with Eureka’s flood anew. Call up your hosts, Australia, to strive with you amain, o fight, to sting, to honor, your Flag of Stars again. Then, when the day is over, whether to shout or to weep, keep ever your dead alive in you, oh, never let them sleep, for the nation that forgets its dead, that lets its heroes lie dust-deep in its mind forever is surely ripe to die. And only those go on, in glory their story to make, who ever keep their dead alive, and their songs and heroes awake Now is the time for the nation’s urgent dead to ride, so set them riding here and now – from the Leeuwin’s cliffs to the roar of Sydney-side, from Wyndham to the Howe.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

In 1955 Pakistan International Airline Formed Tourism Essay Essays

In 1955 Pakistan International Airline Formed Tourism Essay Essays In 1955 Pakistan International Airline Formed Tourism Essay Essay In 1955 Pakistan International Airline Formed Tourism Essay Essay In 1955 Pakistan International Airline formed. It is the 16th largest air hose in Asia, runing scheduled services to 73 finishs throughout Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America, every bit good as an extended domestic web associating 24 finishs. PIA is three stars International Airline. In our study we did SWOT analysis and PEST analysis on PIA, place major strength we find as taking market place, trade name acknowledgment, superior operating construction, web presence, hub airdrome at Karachi, and effectual usage of engineering. Formulation on GOVT regulation, High dependences on rider grosss, high debt, and trust on oil monetary values are major failing, chances are like holding MAX path and fleet, growing demand for low cost air hose, client trueness, switching client demands and industry recovery, and major menaces are high involvement rates, accidents, strong competition by Air blue, involvement and foreign currency exchange rates, and diminution in industry. In PEST analysis we discover major Government s active function in increasing competition in the air hose industry, rising prices rate, turning of societal environment of Pakistan progressive with the new government. Invention in engineering, and its impact on dist ribution and cost synergisms from industry consolidation. We recommend PIA for better service to deconcentrate its direction system, develop SBUs, follow crystalline publicity constabularies, employee authorization to increase the employee motive and moral. Try to diminish its operating expense cost, follow effectual selling policy, two manner communicating and TQM. Upgrade its fleet ; buy new Airplane with duplicate engines these will cut down the operating cost of PIA. Improve control over menus. Hire the services of IT specializers ; better service criterions concentrating on quality. Pakistan International Airlines Introduction: When Pakistan was founded in 1947 it comprised two districts on either side of the sweep of India. It was in this unusual circumstance that Pakistan International was formed in 1955. Despite wars and economic problem, the bearer survived to turn and thrive. Pakistan International Airlines is the flag bearer air hose of Pakistan, based in Karachi. It is the 16th largest air hose in Asia, runing scheduled services to 73 finishs throughout Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America, every bit good as an extended domestic web associating 24 finishs. Its chief bases are Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, the Allama Iqbal International Airport, Lahore and the Islamabad International Airport, Islamabad/Rawalpindi. The air hose besides has secondary bases, including Peshawar International Airport, Faisalabad International Airport, Quetta International Airport and Multan International Airport, from which it connects the metropolitan metropoliss with the chief bases, the Middle East and the Far East. The air hose is owned by the Government of Pakistan ( 87 % ) and other stockholders ( 13 % ) . It has 19,263 employees ( at March 2007 ) . AIRLINE INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN: There are 36 operational airdromes. Karachi is Pakistan s chief airdrome but important degrees of both domestic and international lading are besides handled at Islamabad and Lahore. Pakistan International Airlines ( PIA ) , the public sector air hose, though confronting the competition from a few private air hoses, carries about 70 per centum of domestic riders and about equal domestic cargo traffic. The transit sector histories for about 10.5 per centum of the state s GDP and 27.4 per centum of Gross Fixed Capital Formation ( GFCF ) in FY06. It provides over 6 per centum of employment in the state and receives 12 to 16 per centum of the one-year Federal Public Sector Development Program ( PSDP ) . Government bureaus dominate the sector. Hierarchy of PIA: This organisation is divided into following sections: Human Resource and Administration, Marketing, Corporate Planning, Information Services, Finance, Flight Services, Flight Operation, Engineering, Procurement and Logistics, Customer Services, Training and Development, Quality Assurance. The organ gm of the organisation follows, with the Chairman at the top and managers of sections describing to him. The construction is centralized with the top-level direction doing the determinations. Corporate VISION OF PIA: To be a universe category air hose transcending client outlooks through dedicated employees Committed to excellence. Corporate Mission As a Symbol of National Pride, We Aspire to be a Choice Airline, Operating Productively on Modern Commercial constructs and Capable of Competing with the Best in the International every bit good as Domestic markets. Valuess: 6.1 ) . Customer Expectations: PIA is the most sure name in the industry. The ground of its good will is harmonizing the outlook of their clients that PIA has fulfilled ever. By supplying competitory duty, extended attention, and convenience to their valued and possible clients. 6.2 ) . Service: PIA purposes at supplying valuable and alone services to its clients. They are more individualized and gracious to their clients. The services are valuable and rare ; this is the ground why clients trust PIA. 28 Nov 2004, Pakistan International Airlines Pia passed the IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) benchmark for planetary safety direction The IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) is the benchmark for planetary safety direction in air hoses KARACHI, 22 October 2007 Abacus Pakistan officially launched Abacus Travel Secure with AIG, supplying local travel agents and travellers easy and convenient entree to AIG s travel insurance policies. Available for the first clip in Pakistan, Abacus Travel Secure brings existent clip and immediate activation of travel insurance policies to the Pakistan travel industry with a more streamlined and clip salvaging application procedure for travel agents 6.3 ) Invention: PIA presently has a figure of 43 fleets and purposes at increasing this Numberss to 53 by the following few years.PIA is adoptive to alterations and believe in invention that s create new thoughts and interpreting these thoughts into action. 6.4 ) Dependability: PIA is the most experience air hose with its service with more than 53 old ages. This has built in PIA has become the most dependable air hose. PIA is known for its trueness and consistence. 6.5 ) Safety: The most ambitious duty of any organisation is to supply complete satisfaction to its employees and clients together. This satisfaction rewards favourable and easy on the job conditions. The in-flight services are clients friendly and the organisational the organisational environment is besides employees oriented. 6.6 ) Coherence: PIA has 12 sections working in their ain way and besides provides a figure of services including speedex messenger service, providing etc. The most impressive portion is these all section and services are integrated in a cohesive manner. Servicess PIA offers two types of services. Business Class Economy Class Business Class It s the lone Business Class service that feels like First Class. A comfy place makes all the difference on a long flight. PIA s Business Class Seats elevate the construct of luxury to a new degree, to the full backing your determination to take PIA Business Class Sit back and relax in our sole Business Class Lounges at the Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad airdromes. Our hospitable staff will guarantee that you re good looked after during your stay with us at the airdrome Business Class riders geting at Airport will have a warm welcome from PIA. Our representatives will walk you right through all the arrival formalities so that you do nt hold to stand in line or concern about clearance. Economy Class: PIA s economic system category is besides comfy for rider as Business category. Economy Class offer seats with a 32-inch pitch, adjustable footstools and winglet head restraints for improved cervix comfort. The personal Television provides ongoing amusement including sound and video on-demand picks. Passengers enjoy the same lovingness service from our flight attenders, along with skilfully prepared repasts and a broad scope of in-flight amusement options to take from. Free newspapers are besides provided to all Economy category riders. The PIA in-flight magazine, Hamsafar, is provided to all riders on all international flights. Humsafar was introduced on PIA flights in 1980 and it is published bi-monthly.PIA is supplying its service in 25 citations of Pakistan domestically which are as follows: Giigit Chitral Skardu Saidu Sarif Capital of pakistan Peshawar Sialkot D.I, Khan Lahore Lyallpur Multan Zhob D.G.Khan Quetta Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Dalbandin Sukkar Panjgor Sukkar Jacoababad Turbat Moemjodaro Gwadar Pasni Karachis Gross Composition: Harmonizing to the latest study of PIA, 87 % of gross generates from riders, 8 % of gross generates from lading and staying 5 % consists of others. Fleet Pakistan International Airlines fleet includes the followers aircraft ( as of May 2008 ) Major Rivals: PIA is keeping the first place in market. It has 48 % market portion. Its major rivals are Airblue and Shaheen International Airline. Airblue has a market portion of 35 % while Shaheen International Airline has 17 % market portion. Peoples feel esteemed to go with PIA as comparison to Airblue and others. Latest merchandises by PIA nad qulaity accomplishments: Boeing-777 operating to middle E Flight Barcelona Associating Abu Dhabi and rahim yar khan Flights from D.I.Khan to Peshawar and Islamabad Early bargain cheaper fly Bradford- Islamabad Nov halt! Pak A ; Glasgow Flight from Multan and D.G khan to Dubai Lowest concern category menu paksitan Dubai Connecting Multan and Quetta, Islamabad with Chitral and Nawabshah with Hyderabad. Promoting web fining and SMS engagement, Ticketing bringing at Door measure 9.1 ) IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) benchmark: 28 Nov 2004, Pakistan International Airlines Pia passed the IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) benchmark for planetary safety direction The IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) is the benchmark for planetary safety direction in airlines.A 9.2 ) E-Ticketing: KARACHI, 22 October 2007 Abacus Pakistan officially launched Abacus Travel Secure with AIG, supplying local travel agents and travellers easy and convenient entree to AIG s travel insurance policies. Available for the first clip in Pakistan, Abacus Travel Secure brings existent clip and immediate activation of travel insurance policies to the Pakistan travel industry with a more streamlined and clip salvaging application procedure for travel agents. 9.3 ) 3Star Graded air hose: SKYTRAX introduced the World Airline Star RatingAÂ ® programme in 2000 the Quality Analysis system that ranks air hose merchandise and service criterions, based on professional rating by air hose audit specializers. To accomplish SKYTRAX Approved Airlinea„?A position, air hoses are subjected to a really elaborate Quality rating across all countries of their front-line Product and Service criterions by Skytrax covering all countries that riders will typically experience during their trip. SKYTRAX Approved Airline rating covers over 750 facets of merchandise and service quality measuring, and is split across both airdrome and onboard environments airdrome services based around an air hose s place base airdrome. QUALITY RANKING USED IN AIRLINE RATING SUMMARY BELOW A =A Excellent A =A Good A = Fair A =A Poor A = Very hapless A : :A PIA PAKISTAN INTERNATIONALA : : a 3 Star Airline A A PIA Pakistan Intl Passenger Remarks Home Base Airport Ranking =A Karachi Airport SUMMARY RANKINGA Combined Quality of ProductA / Staff service in airdrome and onboard environments Business Class Premium Economy ClassA Economy ClassA Airport ServicesA Check-In service Business Class Check-In service Economy Class Transportation Services Business Class Transportation Services Economy Class Arrival Servicess Business Class Lounge merchandise installations Business Class Lounge staff service Onboard FeaturesA Inflight amusement may change harmonizing to aircraft type Cabin Safety Procedures Inflight Entertainment Comfortss, Blankets, Pillows, Towels etc Airline Magazine, Newspapers A ; other mags Cabin Seat ComfortA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Seat Guide Seating may change harmonizing to aircraft type Business ClassA long draw Business ClassA short draw Premium Economy ClassA long draw Economy ClassA long draw Economy ClassA short draw Onboard CateringA Business ClassA long draw Business ClassA short draw Premium Economy ClassA long draw Economy ClassA long draw Economy ClassA short draw Cabin Staff ServiceA Business Class service efficiency Business Class staff attitude A ; friendliness Premium Economy Class service efficiency Premium Economy Class staff attitude A ; friendliness Economy Class service efficiency Economy Class staff attitude A ; friendliness Reacting to Passenger petitions Cabin presence through flights Helping Parents with kids Staff Language Skills SWOT ANALYSIS 10.1 ) Strength: . Leading MARKET Position: PIA is one of Pakistan s taking air bearers, with more than 800 day-to-day flights. Around 150,000 riders a month fly on PIA, doing it one of the major operators in the domestic market in footings of rider kilometres. PIA s international market portion was 43.5 % , In the Domestic market, its market portion was 69.4 % . On a system-wide footing, PIA s market portion was 51.2 % at the terminal of twelvemonth 2007.Its strong market place is driven by systematically low menus every bit good as dependable service, frequent and convenient flights, usage of new engineerings like e-ticketing and self check-in terminuss, comfy cabins and superior client service. BRAND Recognition: PIA has high trade name callback. It is recognized by travellers all over the state. PIA is a national air hose, runing rider and lading services covering 82 domestic and foreign. PIA has earned the figure one ranking in client satisfaction. This strong market place gives the company a scale advantage and helps it beef up its trade name image. SUPERIOR OPERATING Structure: PIA has maintained its place as the low cost bearer. It has been first category Pakistani air hose to utilize the latest engineering. Factors lending consists of different series of Boeing and Airbus and an efficient, high-utilization and point- to-point path construction. Flying one type of aircraft significantly simplifies programming, care, flight operations, and preparation activities. PIA has continually achieved high plus use and employee efficiency. Superior operating construction serves as the primary competitory advantage of PIA. NETWORK PRESENCE: PIA enjoys a strong web in cardinal domestic and international finishs. The company s web includes three the major airdromes in Pakistan, every bit good as major international airdrome such as Dubai International Airport. Having a strong web agencies that PIA can bring forth traffic provender for both its domestic and international Flights. HUB AIRPORT AT KARACHI: PIA operates from its hub in Jinnah International Airport, Karachi. Jinnah International is one of the universe s busiest airdromes in footings of figure of riders carried. It is besides one of the largest international gateways to Asia. It is besides the taking international air rider ( and lading ) gateway to Pakistan. The company s strong presences in airdromes with heaviest traffic degrees in Pakistan give it a competitory advantage. EFFECTIVE USE OF TECHNOLOGY: PIA has successfully incorporated latest engineering in all its systems, giving it an border over rivals. PIA takes recognition for presenting most new engineerings to the Pakistani market. It was the 2nd bearer in Pakistan to integrate the c-ticketing system and the 2nd in South Asia to present self look into in systems at the Jinnah International Airport, Karachi. 10.2 ) Failing: Formulation OF GOVT. Rules: The Basic defect of this organisation is its consolidation that is centralised system. The cardinal policies, schemes and set of Torahs are designed by the upper direction. The centralised system is one of the biggest obstructions of long term success of PIA. PIA centralizes construction lead to barrel between different degree of direction, decreased motive, difficult entree to information. High DEPENDENCE ON PASSENGER REVENUES: Passenger grosss accounted for 87 per centum of the PIA s entire gross in 2007. Cargo services allow air hoses to bring forth extra grosss from bing rider flights. In add-on, lading grosss are normally counter cyclical to passenger grosss and have lower demand snap than rider concern, which allows air hoses to go through on fuel monetary value hikings to clients. Debt: PIA has a important sum of 42 billion debts. Current and hereafter debts could hold of import effects for stakeholders of the company. For illustration, debt could impair PIA ability to do investings and obtain extra funding for working capital, capital outgos, acquisitions or general corporate or other intents. Debts could besides set PIA at a competitory disadvantage to rivals that have lesser debt and could besides increase the company s exposure to involvement rate additions. Reliance ON OIL PRICES: PIA s sustainability, growing and grosss straight depend on oil monetary values. A steep rise in oil monetary values can earnestly damage the long term viability of any air hose. Recently many air hoses around the universe went insolvents due to lifting oil monetary values. Airlines need to fudge against this hazard by taking proper steps. Opportunities: . HAVING THE MAXIMUM ROUTE AND FLEET: PIA is holding the maximal path and fleet domestic and international finishs web in Pakistan as compared to its Competitors. Route and swift enlargement will positively impact the company s operations by increasing grosss. Turning DEMAND FOR LOW COST AIRLINES: The turning demand for air travel is driven by lower menus and consumer assurance. A study by International Aviation Authority showed that ticket monetary value is the figure one standard for riders when choosing a flight, good in front of the handiness of a non-stop service. CUSTOMER LOYALTY: PIA s frequent circular and trueness plans can assist it retain clients. PIA s Awards+plus ( frequent circular plan ) was established to develop rider trueness by offering awards and services to frequent travellers. Such schemes encourage repetition travel on PIA, as riders seek to accrue the benefits given to regular travellers. This enables the air hose to retain clients and cut down costs, as it does non hold to pass money aiming new clients to replace those lost to other air hoses. Shift CUSTOMER NEEDS: The demands of air riders are progressively altering, as they are going more and more monetary value medium. If PIA succeeds in doing its monetary values more competitory, so the company will be able to derive important market portion. INDUSTRY Recovery: Market analysts believe that the planetary air hose industry will see an upturn in lucks over the following few old ages. This represents an chance for PIA, as it could bring forth increased grosss and bid market portion if it capitalizes on additions in demand. . Menace High Interest Ratess: The past few old ages have seen State Bank of Pakistan impose high every bit good as low involvement rates to look into rising prices and the over warming of Pakistani economic system. Inflation in Pakistan may see another rise in the short-run. Accidents: There had been five accidents with PIA listed as below: Pakistan International Airlines Flight PK 705 was a Boeing 720 040 B that crashed while falling to set down on Runway 34 at Cairo International Airport on May 20, 1965 ensuing in 119 human deaths. Pakistan International Airlines Flight PK740 was a Boeing 707-340C that crashed after takeoff from Jeddah International Airport on November 26, 1979. All 156 aboard were killed. Pakistan International Airlines Flight 268 was an Airbus A300B4-203, enrollment AP-BCP, which crashed on attack to Kathmandu s Tribhuvan International Airport on September 28, 1992. All 167 on board were killed. PIA Flight 554 is the flight figure of a Pakistan International Airlines ( PIA ) Fokker F27 that was hijacked on May 25, 1998. The flight started its journey at Gwadar in Balochistan after arising in Turbat, and was winging to Pakistan s southern port metropolis of Karachi. The aircraft was transporting 24 riders and 5 crew members. Pakistan International Airlines Flight 688 ( PK688, PIA688 ) was scheduled to run from Multan to Lahore and Islamabad at 12:05 autopsy on July 10, 2006. It crashed into a field after spliting into fires a few proceedingss after takeoff from Multan International Airport. All 41 riders and four crewmembers on board were killed. PIA has to continuously guarantee extreme safety and security of its riders. Accidents can adversely impact client assurance in PIA and consequence in declined grosss escalating competition. Strong COMPETITION BY AIRBLUE: PIA is now viing against bearers such as Airblue and Shaheen Airline. PIA remains Airblue s strongest rival because of the immense market it has gained over clip, strong trade name image and client trueness. PIA has started new low-fares subordinate PIA Express to halt the Airblue market portion turning to fast. Furthermore, major bequest air hoses have been concentrating on restructuring costs, which has improved their fight. With costs restructured, the bequest air hoses are going more formidable rivals in footings of increasing capacity, fiting monetary values and leveraging their frequent flyer plans. Increasing competition could adversely impact the company s borders. Interest AND FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE Ratess: Fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates can hold a important impact on PIA s net incomes. For illustration, as PIA is supplying its services to the UK. Negative or positive effects arise from exchange rate motions as alteration in disbursals. Strengthening of foreign currencies against the British Pound will positively impact PIA and frailty versa. DECLINE IN AIRLINE INDUSTRY: A figure of factors have caused the current diminution in the air hose industry. For illustration, the menace of farther terrorist onslaughts since September 11 and a autumn in the figure of concern travellers have both caused rider Numberss to fall. These and other factors may go on to impact demand for air travel in the hereafter, which will impact grosss of PIA. The menace of terrorist act may deter people from going by air and could particularly cut down the figure of riders going on international flights. Plague Analysis The macro-environment includes all factors act uponing a company that are non within its control. These include political, societal, economic and technological factors. These are known as PEST factors. A technique of analysis of the macro environment is PEST analysis. Environmental analysis should be uninterrupted waterless precede all facets of planning. Since the air hose industry is really much influenced by alterations taking topographic point in the environment and has undergone rapid and dramatic alterations during the last decennary, this analysis is particularly of import for PIA. Political Factor: Political factors ever have a great influence on the manner concerns operate in the air hose industry and the disbursement power of clients. In recent old ages it has been observed that authorities played an active function in increasing competition in the air hose industry. A figure of new air hoses such as AirBlue and JS Air have been awarded licences to come in the domestic market. Pakistan has achieved some political stableness in recent old ages. If the direction of PIA believes that the present authorities will execute good ( systematically ) , so there will be more investing in the signifier of purchase of new aeroplanes and latest engineering. The over all industry will turn ensuing in more epicurean and comfy flights. With the military coup detat authorities policies have become more broad. Economic Factor: Presently, Airlines industry has three major participants: Pakistan International Airlines, an Airblue, Aero Asia and Shaheen Airlines. Their mark market includes domestic travellers every bit good as Pakistanis populating abroad peculiarly in the UK and USA. These states have strong economic systems coupled with high buying power. Customers purchase behaviour depends really much on monetary values of the viing air hoses every bit good as services offered. As rising prices rate is unstable in Pakistan, passing power of consumers has effected in the long term. In fact growing in Pakistani economic system has resulted in an addition in passing power and has positively impacted the air hose industry. Economically, the new millenary has been extremely volatile ; the September 11 onslaughts revolutionized the whole universe. Consequently, there was a planetary depression in the North America, South America, Australia and Europe. However, in Asia particularly Pakistan the consequence in the short term was otherwise. The economic system began to din because of greater remittals from abroad and whole amount in-migration by exiles. As a consequence, demand for air travel in South Asia rose. Economic conditions of Pakistan are nevertheless bettering. PIA has cost a advantage over its rivals because of its freshly acquired, improved, long distance aircrafts from Boeing which give longer scope and better fuel economic system than any other jet presently produced. This cost advantage is a barrier to entry for new houses. However, this cost advantage will non be important on domestic paths. SOCIAL FACTORS: The societal waterless cultural influences on concern vary from state to state. The societal construction of Pakistan is closely tied. The tendency is now altering as the general populace is educated and is prosecuting professional ends. Customers are more cognizant of market conditions and available options and want to acquire best value for their money. They spend considerable clip and money on amusement hence increasing the demand of in-flight amusement systems. Besides, word of oral cavity has a important impact in the usage of air hose services. Hajj attracts a immense figure of clients. The societal environment of Pakistan is turning broad with the new government. The enterprise to automatize check-in and ticket engagement procedure might non be really popular with the general populace ( even educated population ) is still engineering averse. E-ticketing might besides confront important challenges as consumers are by and large loath to supply their recognition cards information over the phone and the cyberspace. The consumers, nevertheless, have a warm reaction to the chance of less dearly-won but choice service flights. six ) TECHNOLOGICAL Factor: Technology is critical for competitory advantage and is a major driver of the air hoses industry. Major technological alterations are taking topographic point in the air hoses industry with inventions in the reserves and booking systems. In-flight amusement systems and car cheque in counters are two illustrations of such inventions. Internet plays a cardinal function in e-ticketing as consumer can easy reserve tickets or look into the position of the flight. A cardinal issue will be the extent, to which technological promotions ( such as Internet ) impact distribution and cost synergisms from industry consolidation, can countervail upward force per unit areas on costs. PIA has ever led the way of technological inventions by presenting new engineerings in front of its rivals such as its car check-in counters which has helped it derive market portion. It was the first air hose in Pakistan to put in Sabre system followed by the market leader. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES Decentralization: PIA should deconcentrate its construction that would take to the easy direction, increased motive, easy entree to information and declaration of the struggles ( as they would be resolved by the immediate trough clip span would so cut down ) . Since employees issues sing their behaviour would decrease, so it would finally take to more satisfied employees that would ensue in enhanced productiveness of the organisation. Strategic Business Unit: PIA should do its different sections into Strategic Business Unit. Every SBU should hold a defined concern scheme and a director with gross revenues and net income duty. As PIA is a big organisation, so it must be convert into SBUs.Different factors should be determined for the success of SBUs which as follows. The grade of liberty given to each SBU director. The grade to which an SBU portions functional plans and installations with other SBU s The mode in which the corporation evaluates and rewards the public presentation of its SBU directors Transparent policy acceptance: PIA should follow transparent policy that employees should be promoted on merit footing. And Chairman of PIA should be appointed from with in the organisation. Union should back up it, it will actuate the employees and PIA will turn in net income. PIA should non invest new employees till the clip they are needed on the footing of my personal observation at Rawalpindi station I have seen that a undertaking which can be performed by individual PIA had 3 employees for that.PIA should give fillip to the hardworking and competent employees. Employee Authorization: PIA should do attempts towards authorising the employees that is traveling to take to more employee engagement in the determination devising procedure and besides consequence in more employee satisfaction and enhanced motive. Apart from this, employees would experience more independent to discourse the issues explicitly without vacillation. This would besides heighten squad work procedure at PIA as quality squad and cross-functional squads. The employees will work with more committedness and dedication and every employee would work to his/her fullest due to increased motive. However, with empowerment comes answerability, so it is suggested that while they empower their employees, there should besides be a controlled cheque on them to result the right use of power delegated to every employees within their limited bounds. Overhead Costss: PIA should besides cut down its operating expense costs that are it should mange its resources: labour more efficaciously, so that with less input, more out put can be achieved and the saved resources can be utilized in other countries such as presenting more preparation classs for the employees so that the quality of the work force could be increased. Hiring the services of expertness can better the efficiency of their services, so by salvaging the operating expense costs, they can use that money for the expertness services. So by analysing the assorted sections of the organisation and doing the right corrections, it can well better the criterions of Organizational behaviour. Selling policy: PIA should follow good selling policies so that it will convey higher net income and maximal use of its available resources, Business sector should be attracted to run at full potency. Bipartisan Communication: The suggestions of the employees can turn out to be really effectual in bettering the operations, as they are the 1s who manage them. Therefore, a top-down attack should be replaced with bipartisan communications. In this manner, the employees would experience motivated and valued, as they would be included in decision-making Entire Quality Management: Entire quality direction should be catered to within the work groups and execution of assorted skill sweetening plans for quality and productiveness betterments such as Six Sigma should be provided to its executive employees. Other recommendations are as follow: PIA should upgrade its fleet as it s doing the air hose higher operating cost and PIA is incurring loss.PIA should buy new Airplane with duplicate engines these will cut down the operating cost of PIA Airline should concentrate on the client s satisfaction, refund procedure should be promptly so that client remains loyal to trade name. There should be control on the addition of menus, as mediocre are in bulk in Pakistan, and it is extremely hard for to even believe about the air going. Management should believe over it and at least they can get down a new packaged flight twice a hebdomad holding 50 % menus. Unnecessary installations provided to the Government Department should non be discouraged but with drawn as it causes fiscal losingss. Management should concentrate on computerized system up step and execution. Management should engage the services of specialised IT forces for their system development and up step on clip. There should be clear and even distribution of work and merely qualified individual should be appointed on occupations. There should be improved service criterions and that should concentrate on quality. PIA should offer its services of reserve and place verification with by SMS and flight verification message should besides be sent via SMS to the rider. PIA should give more inducements to its frequent circular as it will bring forth more trade name trueness by giving better inducements to the clients. Comparison of PIA with Different Airlines After carry oning the research in the Preston University, EMBA pupils have rated the different air hoses in the undermentioned mode. Properties Pia Air Blue Shaheen Air Finishs 6 5 4 Punctuality 5 6 4 Quality Food 5 6 5 Customer service 6 5 5 Economic 5 5 5 Technological Promotions 5 5 5 Servicess 5 5 4 Corporate image 6 3 4 Entire Points 43 40 36

Monday, November 4, 2019

The Effects Of Modern Technology on Our Lives Essay

The Effects Of Modern Technology on Our Lives - Essay Example development of technologies another kinds of production are also growing up while labor force is becoming cheaper and that allows satisfying all consuming needs of constantly increasing world’s population. But which is the most important, technologies made possible the appearance of new opportunities for communication and quick access to any information we need. But there are certain disadvantages of technology development as well. It became almost impossible to control the amount and quality of produced information, though it is a powerful tool for mind control. The fast rates of production catastrophically reduce a quantity of resources in the world, and at the same time â€Å"overproduction† takes place. So consumers’ needs constantly grow, resources are depleting, but massive production keeps increasing, rising people’s needs. The development of military technologies funded by governments raises a general level of military conflict possibility. It is impossible to imagine our modern world without technologies; we don’t even notice how we aren’t able to live without them anymore. To estimate the effect of modern technology on our lives and definitely say that they are either something good or bad is absolutely unreal. The point is that technologies may controversially effect on our life they constantly do both cause harm and make our lives easier. It is hard to argue that the contribution that modern technologies have brought in our lives’ progress is almost unevaluated, because the opportunities we have now through the technological invasion are much wider than even ten years ago. The first aspect of the contribution we have to consider is definitely a fast development of modern science. At the very beginning of huge rise of technologies scientists were scared that technologies may destroy classical science, because the matter of science is to look for the essence of nature, it deals mostly with philosophical problems of â€Å"why?† and â€Å"how?†.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Sports activities Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sports activities - Article Example There are several membership types for the students, staff, faculty as well as the community in general. All sports facilities are situated on campus and hence, there is standard traffic as well as parking guidelines; furthermore, groups for their sporting events, conferences, meetings, as well as for other events and occasions can assess facility space easily. There are a number of sports clubs available and the first one is badminton; moreover, its major purpose is to promote Badminton within the university. In addition, the team practices regularly at North Gym located at the  Recreation and Physical Activity Center; moreover, it participates in Midwest region’s tournaments. Volleyball is also a club within the university and it is for both women and men. The sports club’s aim is to maintain and to enhance volleyball skills of the players. Furthermore, the sports club holds several tournaments all through the season. Rugby is also one of the sporting clubs within the university and it has teams for males and females as well. Both rugby veterans and new members are eligible to join the team; furthermore, there are several teams for each individual depending on the skills of individuals. Besides, the teams have coaches who are highly dedicated to the team and every individual is eligible to join the teams given that no prior experience is needed. Soccer is among the sports club within Ohio State University and it is divided into two, women’s soccer team as well as men’s soccer team. The teams play actively in three seasons during the fall, winter as well as during the spring; furthermore, all individuals are free to join the teams. In addition, dance sport is a very interesting club in Ohio State University; it is also a social club and a highly competitive dancing club within The Ohio State University. The club teaches all dancers, even those who have no experience at all; moreover, they have